I will expand upon my previous entries when coming up with features for the Bluesky-inspired conlang. While the Pashto, Virgin Island Creole, and Paici languages continue to serve as an inspirational nucleus, any other features that appear to conflict with each other or do not make logical sense will need me to provide nuance. As such, I will let the language develop on its own terms as I progress with this conlang.
PRONOUNS!
| Pronouns | Present | ||
| 1st | Sing. | /+p(a)+ | |
| Plural | /+f(u)+ | ||
| 2nd | Sing. | /+d(o)+ | |
| Plural | /+nd(u)+ | ||
| 3rd | Visible | Sing. | /+n(a)+ [m]//+n(i)+ [f] |
| Plural [also for nounal plurality] | /+n(u)+ | ||
| Invisible | Sing. | /+ban(a)+ [m]//+ban(i)+ [f] | |
| Plural | /+ban(u)+ | ||
I also use the words to indicate past or future tense based on the words for “back” and “front.”
- lez: back; past tense
- tel: front; future tense
Through this grammaticalization, I am able to determine the timeline of Kiyagi language in practice.
Lez panʲabas’onak wobani
[I brought the louse to her [somewhere]]
Questions
| How (what way) | butso |
| What/General Questioner | buh |
| When (what time) | busid |
| Where (what place) | buharrk |
| Who (what man) | budəs |
| Why (what cause) | bukɑrᶮɟ |
They are placed at the beginning of the sentence. I want to establish the Kiyagi language not as an ergative language where any nounal phrases can be placed anywhere while their ergativity is made abundantly clear. As such, the SVO nature of Kiyagi is firmly established for the most part. As such, the bnda affixed to the question words at the front would shape the time of the sentence, while the bnda would refer to the proximity of the object noun or the non-descript destination that the verb directs towards.
Buharrktel banum bnda?
[Where will they [around here] go there?]
“There”
Virgin Island Creole, and other African-based Creoles in North America, make use of duh in a polysemous form, referring to “to be, to do, conjugating a progressive verb, in, to, on” in past, present, and future form with the rest of the sentence providing the context. It is rooted in the Ewe language’s usage of a similarly homophonic word meaning “to go there” or referring to an incomplete predication.
As such, the usage of “there” I could see being used in a similar way by the Kiyagi speakers.
| There | bnda | polysemous use of “there” inspired by other Creoles usage of “to be” |
I would also use the reduplicative intensifier form of “there” to indicate “right there.”
- bndada: right there, there specifically
I would also need to use “there” to refer to an invisible 3rd person when referring to not just a 3rd person not present in close proximity, but a 3rd person in a far away proximity.
Bndalez banadaha ngitngoho wonu.
[He [somewhere out there] gave a good fruit to them [here].]
As such, not only would “there” refer to a far-away pronoun, but also a noun that is the subject.
Buh ndusurt s’lo bndada?
[Do all of you know that dog [at that particular location you mentioned]?]
Granted, if you asked a Kiyagi speaker that question without context, they would probably ask YOU a question of “Buharrk təz s’lo?” or “Where is the dog?” At that point, the auxiliary verb “to be” is always used in its infinitive form without any morphological shifts or vowel harmony shifts.
Expanded Reading
- Bannersglare, Robert-Scott. “Kiyagi Expanded Reading.”