Continuing to rely on the nucleus of the inspired languages, Pashto, Virgin Island Creole, and Paici, I will make use of their characteristics in the verbal structure, with Pashto being the most prominent example. I will make use of the visible/invisible 3rd person forms as featured in that language.
| to be able/can | set |
| to bring | nʲabo |
| to carry | etso |
| to choose | kef |
| to cut | beh |
| to give | dohe |
| to know/think | sert |
| to make | zuᶮɟ |
| to move | kahe |
| to try | si |
Simple Sentences
I want to begin with some simple sample sentences. A unique linguistic rule I gave to the Kiyagi language is that there is verbal vowel harmony. I will only write in present tense for this article. The vowel harmony would change the verb depending on the vowel in the pronoun that modifies it. I also figured that if vowel harmony would be needed to shift the infinitive verb to a modified verb, then I would not necessarily need to use the enclitic pronouns except in emphatic cases.
As such:
dohe: to give
daha: I give
padaha: I give [at start of sentence or conversation]
pang daha: I give
Of course, if I were to really make the pronoun emphatic, then it would need to stand out as its own phoneme, while the enclitic form establishes the context of the verb in a particular conversation or sentence.
Padaha wodo la sartna
[I give to you and I know him]
Banazaᶮɟpa wobnda
[They [the guys out there] move me there]
Dokof la nu
[You choose me and them [here]]
As mentioned above, I would need to establish an emphatic pronoun form for the grammar. There is an enclitic, establishing, and emphatic form of the pronouns.
Budəs bahna?
[Who cut him?]
Pang bahna
[I cut him.]
How Would The Kiyagi Say “Christmas?”
I will provide the etymology tree of the word “Christmas:”
Christmas
Christ-Mass
[anointed]+[gathering]
[to smear on]+[discharging/releasing]
I would need to get into detail about the morphological shift when it comes to the verbs “to anoint” and “to release.” A way that I use to provide calque translation is to establish an etymology tree, and the work backwards with the translating language. As such:
[to smear on]+[discharging/releasing]
aiskapsa+blahom
[anointed]+[gathering]
lez aiskapsads+blahomrno
Because Kiyagi is a Noun-Adjective language, I will provide the calque translation of “Christmas” as:
Blahomrno-Lezaiskapsads
If “Christmas” needs a homophonic translation, then the Kiyagi would pronounce it as:
Kərizməs
Expanded Reading
- Bannersglare, Robert-Scott. “Kiyagi Expanded Reading.”